define marriage and types 2-2

Siwai of south Pacific. Polygyny. because women raise the food required for pigs. And number of pics is associated with Prestige. So men want to marry many women.

Polygyny

Sororal. Arapesh. studied by Margaret Mead. Crow Indias. Very peaceful. Because they are sisters who have grown up together and get along well

nonsororal. Siwai of South Pacific. Jealousy fighting and quarrels. Conflict is seen because insufficient access to the husband for sex and emotional support. Various customs to resolve this conflict

Co wives have separate quarters. Tonga in Africa.call wives have equal rights in matters of sex, economics, and personal positions. Tanala of Madagascar husband has to spend each day with seperate wife. Otherwise it can create conflict.Senior wives have more Prestige. Tonga of Polynesia give her the status of chief wife.

Polygyny benefits. Studies by Scholars like Philip and Janet kilbride.

Economic and political advantages because family size is largeProvide farm labour and extra food that can be marketed.Connie Anderson found that in South Africa, women chose married men because they could help with child care, household work, provide companionship and allow more freedom to come and go to the woman.

Why polygyny exist. Three major theories

Societies that have Postpartum sex taboo. John Whiting suggested that couples abstain from sexual intercourse due to health reasons. In tropical areas kwashiorkor Is a protein deficiency disease that occurs in children suffering from intestinal parasites or diarrhoea. Postpartum sex taboo ensures that children get breast milk and Care from the mother. This reduces chances of Poor health. Yoruba follow this.when women are in access point imbalanced sex ratio because of water in a society creates more women than men. Similarly societies with balanced sex ratios tend to have monogamy and low male mortality in war fare.Men marry at the older age than women. this creates an artificial scarcity and excess of marriageable women. behavioural ecologist suggest that for ecological reasons society Mein prefer polygyny. If there are enough resources in the society men prefer polygyny because they can have more children and can control these resources. But in the modern world there is little polygyny. This is explained because there are social traditions that prohibit it. Commercialization of services and goods means that individuals can support themselves without being married.Bobbi Low suggested that high incidence of disease may reduce the prevalence of healthy men and create conditions for polygyny.

Fraternal. Tibetian, today's of India, sinhalese of Sri Lanka practices.non fraternal. Nairs of Kerela.Correlated with shortage of women.Melvin goldstein observed that in Tibet ens instead of dividing a planned among the brothers they marry a single wife and preserve their property. It also limits their population which is crucial in areas of less resources. Less people in less resources means good standard of living. Increasing wealth also increases the chances of young brother leaving the polyandry and marrying outside.

ADD PREFERENTIAL MARRIAGES & RARE MARRIAGES (ghost marriage, uncle niece , woman to woman)